New Oxford, Pennsylvania, is located along the historic Lincoln Highway, which placed it on the path that took travelers back and forth between Philadelphia and areas west. Even before the road was designated with the significant name, it was referred to as the "Philadelphia to Pittsburgh PIke." An inn in the area had a sign with a drawing of an ox head, giving the town a name with a reference that was meaningful to travelers.

Henry Kuhn laid out Oxford Town in 1792 and the borough was recognized in 1874. It has over 1700 citizens and is part of Pennsylvania's Adams County, just east of the well known Gettysburg Battlefield.

New Oxford is known locally for its numerous beautiful old homes and antique shops.